The former player: 'I hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This article includes descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has placed considerable attention on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with young people in under-served communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is prepared to share their experience then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022